If You Find Someone Loses Consciousness, Do Basic Life Support

Have you ever heard about BLS before? Maybe some of you are already familiar with this term or maybe not. So, BLS or Basic Life Support is basic course of action that a rescuer should perform for life support. Although it is one of medical procedure, not only professional to be the one who in charge of BLS. Every person, aspecially lifeguard, police officer, firefighters, social workers, and teachers are often required to do this. 

Why is it so important to know ? Maybe some of you have seen person that felt chest pain suddenly and  then unconscious? What did you do when that happen? Most of people will answer call medical care immediately to help him. Yes. That is right. But the next question is while you were waiting for them, what did you do then ? Exactly. This is the time to you to perform BLS. According to American Heart Association (AHA), performing BLS as soon as possible to the patient has better prognosis to save life. Beside that, when doing BLS, you will do the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It means you will be his heart and give him breath so blood still maintain the delivery of oxygen to the cell.

How can I perform BLS? You should remember “DRSABCD”. Look at the picture below.

How do we do the compression ? Let’s check out this video BLS or BLS with Music

Difference between Cheilitis and Stomatitis

Cheilitis is inflamation of the lips.
Stomatitis is inflamation of the mouth ( may involve lips, cheeks, gums, tongue, palate, throat ).
Do you see the difference between them ?
Yes, Stomatitis is non-specific term. Angular cheilitis is the same with angular stomatitis.


Lips only


Lips and tongue 

Difference Between Primary and Secondary Tuberculosis

Primary tuberculosis is the initial infection / the first time Micobacterium tuberculosis infects our body. It happens usually in children. If the treatment of that infection is adequate, the bacterias will be totally removed from our body. However, if there is inadequate treatment, the active infection becomes latent infection (bacteria is dormant in our body).

Secondary tuberculosis is reactivation from the latent infection that already exist in our body for a long time. This infection usually happens in adult when their immunity is drop.

If you contact with any person that has tuberculosis infection OR you notice the symptoms (the picture above), PLEASE call your doctor ASAP. Tuberculosis can spread in all of your organ, not only your lung. Be aware !

Difference between tumor and cancer

Tumor is a abnormal mass. There are benign tumor and malignant tumor.  Tumor is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation. So, the term of “ tumor” is general.

Cancer is malignant tumor.  Based on the origin of the cancer, there are carcinoma and sarcoma. The origin of carcinoma is epithelial cell, e.g., breast, thyroid, etc. The origin of sarcoma is connective tissue, e.g., bone, muscle, ligament, fat, cartilage, etc.  The most important of cancer cell is the  ability to invade and metastasize.

References

Kummar, V., Abbas, A. K., Fausto, N. & Aster, J. C., 2010. Robbin and Cotran : Pathologic basis of disease. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

The Diagnosis of Your Disease is Diarrhea. Is It Correct ?

There are many misunderstandings about diarrhea. Diarrhea is a symptom, not a diagnosis of your disease. The most important thing if you have diarrhea is the degree of dehydration.  Dehydration is very dangerous because human body can’t maintain the homeostasis state without enough water.  Severe dehydration is fatal complication of diarrhea.

If your body temperature is more than 37,5 C, it means that you have fever. Diarrhea and fever are the sign of infection in your gastrointestinal tract ( Gastroenteritis ). Now, what is the cause ?

You can check your feces. The pathogen is Vibro cholerae if your feces is like rice water. Shigella dysentriae is the cause, if you can see blood in the feces ( red feces ). If the cause is Giardia lamblia, you’ll find pear-shaped parasit with flagella under microscope ( bring your feces to Parasitology Lab ).

If your temperature is 36,5 – 37,5 C, you maybe not infected by pathogen. However, you need to reassure that there is no pathogen in your body. The temperature is normal and diarrhea only happens in the certain situation ( e.g., when you are not ready to face final exam in your school ). The cause is problably from your psychological state. You need to go to the psychiatrist.

Your temperature is normal and your psychological state is fine, but you have diarrhea only after you eat certain food ( e.g., spicy food, acidic food, milk, etc. ).  You may have alergic condition or food poisoning because of the food.

Please go to your doctor to treat your diarrhea condition ! 

Iron-deficiency Anemia and Your Cognitive Function

Anemia is the most common blood disorder worldwide. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder and accounts for approximately one-half of anemia cases¹.

Iron deficiency affects more than 2 billion people worldwide. However, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia has recently decreased , but iron deficiency is still common cause of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is dangerous for young children and premenopausal women². Pregnant women should be screened during pregnancy. Children must check for it at one years old. But if you are men or postmenoupausal women, you won’t need this screening anymore but you’ll need gastrointestinal endoscopy when you are diagnosed¹.

It is chronic and frequently asymptomatic so this disease go undiagnosed if you don’t check your hemoglobin level and iron stores. Weakness, fatigue, difficulty in concentrating, and poor work productivity are nonspecific symptoms. This symptoms happen because of low delivery of oxygen to human tissues and decreased activity of iron-containing enzymes. There are nonhematological effects that may not respond to iron therapy. What is that ? Yes, these are the signs of iron deficiency in the tissues. For example, decreased cognitive performance and delayed mental and motor development in children³.

Reference

¹Short, M. Iron deficiency anemia: evaluation and management,  Am Fam Physician 2013; 87: 98-104.

²McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, de Benoist B. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993-2005. Public Health Nutr 2009;12: 444-54.

³Camaschella, C. Iron-Deficiency Anemia, N Engl J Med 2015;372: 1832-1843.

The New Medication for Management Your Weight

Why it is so important ?

The loss of 5 to 10% of body weight can have many beneficial effects on your cardiovascular system and metabolism. In my opinion, if you have normal weight, you'll look more beautiful / handsome. So you get more confident. Look at the picture below !

Medication

LIRAGLUTIDE ( a glucagonlike peptide-1 analogue )

Once-daily dose of 3.0 mg of liraglutide subcutaneously, as an adjunct to reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity, was associated with increased weight loss in overweight and obese adults who did not have diabetes (Pi-Sunyer, et al., 2015)

LOCASERIN (selective serotonin 2C receptor agonist )

Locarserin 10 mg twice daily with  nutritional and physical exercise program was associated with increased weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Moreover, Lorcaserin was also associated with improved values for biomarkers that may be predictors of future cardiovascular events, including lipid levels, insulin resistance, levels of inflammatory markers, and blood pressure (Smith, et al., 2010).

Conslusion

The key of weight loss program is diet and exercise program. You can read that Locaserin and Liraglutide can work alonely. In my opinion, if you want to lose your weight, you won’t need any medication, but you need strong motivaton from your heart J So be natural my friend.

Note : please don’t use it without consulting with your doctor !

Reference

Pi-Sunyer, X., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K. & Greenway, F., 2015. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide. N Engl J Med, 373(1), pp. 11-22.

Smith, S. R. et al., 2010. Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Trial. N Engl J Med, 363(3), pp. 245-255.

You can read the journal at

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/Nejmoa0909809

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1411892