Why I can Have Migraine ?

A migraine can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. It is a common health condition, affecting around 1 in every 5 women and around 1 in every 15 men. They usually begin in early adulthood.

Type of Aura

• migraine with aura – where there are specific warning signs just before the migraine begins, such as seeing flashing lights
• migraine without aura – the most common type, where the migraine happens without the specific warning signs
• migraine aura without headache, also known as silent migraine – where an aura or other migraine symptoms are experienced, but a headache does not develop

Examples of migraine aura include:

• Visual phenomena, such as seeing various shapes, bright spots or flashes of light
• Vision loss
• Pins and needles sensations in an arm or leg
• Weakness or numbness in the face or one side of the body
• Difficulty speaking
• Hearing noises or music
• Uncontrollable jerking or other movements

A migraine usually lasts from four to 72 hours if untreated. How often migraines occur varies from person to person. Migraines might occur rarely or strike several times a month.

During a migraine, you might have:

• Pain usually on one side of your head, but often on both sides
• Pain that throbs or pulses
• Sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes smell and touch
• Nausea and vomiting

After a migraine attack, you might feel drained, confused and washed out for up to a day. Sudden head movement might bring on the pain again briefly.

Causes of Migrain

The causes aren't fully understood, genetics and environmental factors appear to play a role. But there are some factors that might trigger migrain, including:

• Hormonal changes in women. Fluctuations in estrogen, such as before or during menstrual periods, pregnancy and menopause and hormonal medications, such as oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, also can trigger and worsen migraines. Some women, however, find their migraines occurring less often when taking these medications.

• Drinks include alcohol, especially wine, and too much caffeine, such as coffee.
• Stress. 
• Sensory stimuli. Bright lights and sun glare can induce migraines, as can loud sounds. Strong smells — including perfume, paint thinner, secondhand smoke and others — trigger migraines in some people.
• Sleep changes. Missing sleep, getting too much sleep or jet lag can trigger migraines in some people.
• Physical factors. Intense physical exertion, including sexual activity, might provoke migraines.
• Weather changes. A change of weather or barometric pressure can prompt a migraine.
• Medications. Oral contraceptives and vasodilators, such as nitroglycerin, can aggravate migraines.
• Foods. Aged cheeses and salty and processed foods might trigger migraines. So might skipping meals or fasting.
• Food additives. These include the sweetener aspartame and the preservative monosodium glutamate (MSG), found in many foods.

Preventing migraines

First of all, avoid specific factors that may trigger your migraine. So, it's important to identify the trigger by yourself. Then, maintain healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, sleep and meals, as well as ensuring you stay well hydrated and limiting your intake of caffeine and alcohol.

If your migraines are severe or you have tried avoiding possible triggers and are still experiencing symptoms, a GP may prescribe medicines to help prevent further attacks.

Reference :

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20360201

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/migraine/

https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/migraines-headaches-migraines